D202 Human Growth and Development - Set 2 - Part 1

Correct Answer: Grasping objects using the fingers and palm, without the thumb

The palmer grasp is the early grasping behavior seen in infants where they use the fingers and palm to hold objects, without using the thumb.

Correct Answer: Mental frameworks or concepts developed through assimilation and accommodation

Schemata or schemas are cognitive structures that help individuals organize and interpret information, often developed through processes like assimilation and accommodation.

Correct Answer: The inability to recall memories from the first few years of life

Infantile amnesia refers to the phenomenon where most people cannot recall memories from the first few years of their life.

Correct Answer: The smallest unit of sound that makes a meaningful difference in language

A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in a language that can change the meaning of a word, such as the difference between "bat" and "pat."

Correct Answer: Distinct sounds used in language

Phonemes are the individual sounds that distinguish one word from another in a given language.

Correct Answer: A form of infant speech involving one-syllable combinations of consonants and vowels

Cooing is an early form of communication where infants make one-syllable sounds, combining consonants and vowels like "goo" or "coo."

Correct Answer: Through gestures

Deaf babies, like hearing babies, use gestures such as pointing or sign language to communicate.

Correct Answer: Around 12 or 13 months of age

Most children begin using their first recognizable words around the age of 12 to 13 months.

Correct Answer: Focusing on multiple tasks or stimuli at once

Divided attention refers to the ability to split focus between different tasks or stimuli simultaneously, a skill that develops with age.

Correct Answer: Yes

Younger children typically have shorter attention spans and struggle more with maintaining focus on a single task compared to older children.

Correct Answer: First stage of the memory system, processing sensory input

Sensory memory is the initial stage of the memory system where information from the environment is processed through the senses for a brief period.

Correct Answer: Second stage of the memory system, processing and temporarily storing information

Short-term or working memory is where information is temporarily stored and manipulated for current use before being transferred to long-term memory.

Correct Answer: Third stage of the memory system, storing information for extended periods

Long-term memory is the final stage of the memory system, where information is stored for long periods, sometimes indefinitely.

Correct Answer: Memories for facts and knowledge not tied to a timeline

Semantic memories are memories related to general knowledge and facts, such as knowing the capital of a country or the meaning of a word.

Correct Answer: Memories tied to specific events in time

Episodic memories are memories of specific events or experiences, often linked to particular times and places.

Correct Answer: Study of how modifications in DNA affect gene expression

Epigenetics studies how external factors, such as environment or lifestyle, can modify DNA and influence how genes are expressed without changing the genetic code.

Correct Answer: Processes by which genetic factors contribute to variations in the environment

Genotype-environment correlations refer to how genetic factors can influence the environments individuals experience, and how environments can affect gene expression.

Correct Answer: Parents and children mutually influence each other

Bi-directional influence refers to the idea that parents and children both affect each other's behaviors, creating a dynamic relationship.

Correct Answer: Child characteristics that affect parenting behaviors and roles

Temperament refers to the individual differences in emotional reactivity and behavior that are evident from early childhood and influence parenting and development.

Correct Answer: Rapport between individual temperament and the surrounding environment

Goodness of fit describes how well a child’s temperament matches the demands of their environment, which can influence their development.