D202 Human Growth and Development - Set 5 - Part 1

Correct Answer: Competence in peer relationships, appearance, athletic abilities

Adolescents' self-esteem rises as they gain competence in areas such as peer relationships, appearance, and athletic abilities, contributing to a more positive self-image.

Correct Answer: Forming an identity

According to Erikson, the primary psychosocial task of adolescence is to establish a sense of identity, which is key to future personal and social development.

Correct Answer: A stage of delaying commitment to an identity while exploring options

A psychological moratorium is a period during adolescence where individuals explore different identities without committing, giving them time to make more informed decisions.

Correct Answer: Identity foreclosure, identity diffusion, moratorium, and identity achievement

James Marcia identified four identity statuses: identity foreclosure, identity diffusion, moratorium, and identity achievement, which describe different paths of identity development.

Correct Answer: No exploration or commitment to an identity

Identity diffusion occurs when an individual has neither explored nor committed to any particular identity, leading to uncertainty about their place in society.

Correct Answer: Commitment to an identity without exploration

Identity foreclosure occurs when an individual commits to an identity, often based on the expectations of others, without exploring alternatives.

Correct Answer: Exploring options without making a commitment

Identity moratorium refers to the active exploration of different roles and options without committing to one, often seen in adolescents searching for their sense of self.

Correct Answer: Committing to an identity after exploring various options

Identity achievement is when an individual has explored different options and ultimately makes a commitment to a specific identity.

Correct Answer: How people come to terms with their ethnic or racial ancestry

Ethnic identity refers to an individual’s understanding and acceptance of their ethnic or racial heritage, often emerging during adolescence.

Correct Answer: Unexamined ethnic identity, ethnic identity search, ethnic identity achievement

Ethnic identity develops in stages: unexamined ethnic identity, ethnic identity search, and ethnic identity achievement, reflecting a deepening understanding of cultural background.

Correct Answer: Individuals show a preference for the dominant culture

In the unexamined ethnic identity stage, individuals may prefer the dominant culture or show little interest in their ethnic heritage.

Correct Answer: Exploring customs, culture, and history of the ethnic group

During the ethnic identity search, individuals begin exploring their ethnic background, including its history, customs, and cultural practices.

Correct Answer: A deep understanding and appreciation of one's ethnic heritage

Achieved ethnic identity is when an individual fully embraces and understands their ethnic heritage, contributing to their overall sense of self.

Correct Answer: Teens with secure attachment have fewer emotional problems

Adolescents with secure attachment to their parents are more likely to have fewer emotional problems, as they feel supported and understood by their caregivers.

Correct Answer: Friendship becomes focused on intimate exchanges of thoughts and feelings

During adolescence, friendships become deeper and more focused on sharing personal thoughts and feelings, which strengthens social bonds.

Correct Answer: During adolescence

Adolescents often begin exploring romantic relationships as they experience physical and emotional changes that increase their interest in intimacy.

Correct Answer: They are among a supportive group of friends

Mixed-sex interactions become easier during adolescence because teens are part of supportive social groups, which helps reduce awkwardness and anxiety.

Correct Answer: They exhibit egocentric behavior and influence each other's actions

Adolescents tend to be egocentric and highly concerned with how their peers perceive them, often shaping their behavior to fit in with the group.

Correct Answer: They have stronger marriages, work relationships, higher earnings, and better health

Popular children tend to have positive long-term outcomes, including stronger social relationships, higher earnings, and better overall health.

Correct Answer: They are withdrawn, bullied, and may display aggressive behavior

Rejected children often experience social difficulties, which can lead to withdrawal, being bullied, or displaying aggressive behaviors.