D278 Scripting and Programming Foundations - Set 3 - Part 1

Correct Answer: A data type whose creation and update are constrained to well-defined operations

An ADT is a data type that hides its implementation details, allowing users to interact with it through defined operations only.

Correct Answer: Unified Modeling Language

UML is a standardized modeling language used to specify, visualize, and document models of software systems.

Correct Answer: To model the structure of classes in a system

A UML class diagram is used to show the static structure of classes in a system, including their attributes and methods.

Correct Answer: The interaction between system components over time

A UML sequence diagram shows how objects interact in a specific order to complete a task.

Correct Answer: A document describing all requirements for a software product

An SRS outlines the functional and non-functional requirements of a software system, serving as a guide for its development.

Correct Answer: Define the program's goals

The analysis phase is used to gather and define the goals and requirements for a system before proceeding to design and development.

Correct Answer: Define how the system will be built

The design phase focuses on specifying the architecture, components, interfaces, and data for a system to achieve its requirements.

Correct Answer: Writing the program code

The implementation phase involves coding the system based on the design documents and specifications from the previous phase.

Correct Answer: The system meets its requirements

The testing phase ensures that the system works as expected and meets the defined requirements by running various test cases.

Correct Answer: A process where each phase is completed before moving to the next

The waterfall model is a sequential SDLC approach where each phase must be fully completed before moving on to the next.

Correct Answer: A method of developing a system incrementally with each iteration

The spiral approach allows for incremental development of a system, with each phase being revisited to add more functionality.

Correct Answer: A collection of data and operations that can be performed on that data

An object in OOP is a self-contained entity that consists of both data (attributes) and methods (operations) that act on that data.

Correct Answer: Hiding implementation details from the user

Abstraction is the concept of hiding the complex implementation details of a system and exposing only the necessary parts to the user.

Correct Answer: Hiding data and methods within a class

Encapsulation is the practice of keeping an object’s data private and only allowing controlled access to it through public methods.

Correct Answer: The functionality a system provides to users

A UML use case diagram shows the various ways that a user might interact with the system to perform specific functions.

Correct Answer: To describe the flow of control in a system

A UML activity diagram is a flowchart that represents the sequence of activities and decisions that control a process or system behavior.

Correct Answer: A diagram that visualizes dynamic behavior of software

Behavioral diagrams in UML, such as activity diagrams and sequence diagrams, depict the dynamic aspects of a system, including interactions and state changes.

Correct Answer: The classes and their relationships in a system

A UML class diagram shows the static structure of a system by modeling its classes, attributes, methods, and relationships.

Correct Answer: It allows the program to be divided into smaller, manageable components

Modular development breaks down a program into smaller modules, making it easier to develop, maintain, and test.

Correct Answer: Writing and testing small parts of the program incrementally

Incremental development involves writing a small amount of code, testing it, and gradually adding more functionality while testing at each step.