D432 HR Compliance and Employee Relations - Set 1 - Part 1

Correct Answer: Union organization process

The union organization process involves employees signing authorization cards to show interest in forming a union. This step is crucial for gaining recognition and moving toward collective bargaining. The certification election phase and decertification phase occur later in the process, and the collective bargaining phase happens once the union is recognized.

Correct Answer: Constructive labor relations

Positive union-management relationships involve constructive labor relations, fair working conditions, and effective problem-solving. Conflict and unilateral decisions hinder positive relations, while constructive collaboration fosters a better work environment.

Correct Answer: Complexity due to independent contractor status

In the gig economy, many workers are classified as independent contractors, making it difficult for unions to organize them since labor laws often do not apply in the same way to contractors compared to employees.

Correct Answer: Wages and benefits

Wages, benefits, working hours, and conditions are mandatory subjects for collective bargaining. Subcontracting may be a permissive topic, while office decoration and management promotions are not relevant subjects for collective bargaining.

Correct Answer: Decrease in the number of union members over time

There has been a significant decline in union membership in recent years due to factors such as changes in the workforce, globalization, and shifting labor laws, leading to fewer unionized jobs.

Correct Answer: Form and join unions

The right to organize empowers workers to form and join unions, enabling them to collectively negotiate with employers for better wages, working conditions, and benefits.

Correct Answer: Racial discrimination

Including illegal subjects such as racial discrimination in a collective bargaining agreement renders it void. Legal topics, including wages, benefits, and health and safety, are acceptable.

Correct Answer: Union busting

Union busting involves employer strategies intended to discourage union formation or activity, such as hiring anti-union consultants or penalizing workers involved in organizing efforts.

Correct Answer: Promoting dialogue between companies and employees

The European Works Council fosters communication and information-sharing between multinational companies and their employees, ensuring that employee concerns are addressed.

Correct Answer: Differing communication preferences

A multi-generational workforce often faces challenges like differing work styles, communication preferences, and expectations among generations, making it essential for organizations to adopt flexible management approaches.

Correct Answer: Right to a safe and healthy workplace

OSHA guarantees workers the right to a safe and healthy workplace, including proper training on hazards and the ability to report unsafe conditions without fear of retaliation.

Correct Answer: Employers cannot retaliate against whistleblowers

Under the OSH Act, whistleblowers are protected from retaliation for reporting safety violations. Employers are prohibited from taking adverse actions against workers who exercise this right.

Correct Answer: Ignoring non-critical hazards

Ignoring hazards is not part of a safety and health program. Effective programs require management leadership, employee participation, hazard identification, and hazard prevention and control to ensure workplace safety.

Correct Answer: Affects focus and decision-making

Mental health can impact an employee’s ability to focus, make sound decisions, and remain productive. Poor mental health may increase the risk of accidents and reduce overall workplace safety.

Correct Answer: To help employees address personal issues

Employee assistance programs (EAPs) are designed to help employees address personal problems that may affect their job performance and safety, such as mental health issues, family problems, or substance abuse.

Correct Answer: By promoting understanding and respect

Empathy fosters understanding and respect among employees, creating a more inclusive environment and reducing the likelihood of harassment by promoting positive interactions.

Correct Answer: Serious, willful, and repeated violation penalties

OSHA imposes penalties for violations, including serious, other-than-serious, willful, repeated, and failure-to-abate violations. These penalties vary in severity depending on the nature and frequency of the violation.

Correct Answer: Record minor injuries meeting specific criteria

Employers must record minor injuries that meet OSH Act criteria, such as those requiring medical treatment beyond first aid or resulting in days away from work or job restrictions.

Correct Answer: Presentation of credentials

The first step in an OSHA inspection is the presentation of credentials by the inspector, followed by the opening conference, walkaround inspection, closing conference, and possible citations.

Correct Answer: A worker is exposed to a life-threatening hazard

A serious violation occurs when there is a high likelihood of injury or death, such as exposing workers to life-threatening hazards. Other types of violations include failure-to-abate and other-than-serious violations.