d415 Software Defined Networking - Set 1 - Part 1

Correct Answer: Transport

The transport layer of the OSI model is responsible for segmenting and reassembling data for efficient communication between networked systems. It ensures reliable data transfer and provides error-checking mechanisms.

Correct Answer: OpenFlow

OpenFlow is the primary protocol in SDN that defines how controllers communicate with forwarding devices like routers and switches. It allows the SDN controller to manage flow tables, control traffic, and interact with the data plane.

Correct Answer: Ansible

Ansible is an open-source automation tool that simplifies configuration management, application deployment, and task automation without the need for agents. It is widely adopted for network automation tasks.

Correct Answer: Using infrastructure as code to maintain a reliable state

Network automation allows infrastructure to be treated as code, ensuring that configurations remain consistent and easily manageable. This leads to more reliable network operations and reduces the chances of configuration drift.

Correct Answer: Software-defined networking (SDN)

SDN introduces flexibility, dynamism, and automation by decoupling the control plane from the data plane. This allows for centralized management of network resources and real-time configuration of network traffic.

Correct Answer: Keystone

Keystone is the OpenStack module responsible for providing authentication services. It manages identity services and handles authorization across the OpenStack environment.

Correct Answer: Southbound

The southbound interface in SDN enables the controller to communicate with forwarding devices, such as switches and routers, and manage the flow of data between them.

Correct Answer: Beacon

Beacon is a Java-based, multi-threaded SDN controller designed to be modular and cross-platform, making it a popular choice for SDN research and development.

Correct Answer: 67

DHCP uses port 67 as the destination port on the server side to receive requests from clients for IP address assignment.

Correct Answer: Anycast

In IPv6, anycast addresses are used to route data to the nearest network interface in a group of interfaces that share the same anycast address.

Correct Answer: Virtual LANs (VLANs)

VLANs are a type of network virtualization that allows multiple logical LANs to coexist on the same physical network infrastructure, improving network management and security.

Correct Answer: Debugging and intrusion detection

Virtual networks enable debugging and intrusion detection by creating network slices that reserve specific resources for monitoring and analysis, improving security and troubleshooting.

Correct Answer: Switch

A switch is a layer 2 device responsible for controlling data frames and forwarding them to the correct destination within the local network based on MAC addresses.

Correct Answer: Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)

L2TP is used to create virtual private networks (VPNs) but does not provide encryption on its own, relying on protocols like IPsec for encryption and confidentiality.

Correct Answer: Authorization

Authorization is the process of granting users permission to access network resources based on their identity and credentials, as verified through authentication.

Correct Answer: Password

Passwords are a common authentication method based on what the user knows, such as a secret phrase or combination, to validate their identity.

Correct Answer: Reconnaissance

The reconnaissance phase is when an attacker collects information about the target system or network before launching an attack.

Correct Answer: Vulnerability

A vulnerability is a weakness or flaw in a system that can be exploited by an attacker to cause harm or gain unauthorized access.

Correct Answer: Exploitation

Exploitation refers to the phase where the attacker uses a vulnerability to execute the attack, causing the intended damage or unauthorized access.

Correct Answer: Detection and response

Detection and response mechanisms monitor system activities to detect attacks in progress and initiate response actions to repair damage and mitigate threats.